Intervention Early Schizophrenia In China -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Intervention Early Schizophrenia In China? Answer: Introducation With this presentation, I aim to make the audience aware about the issues faced by people with schizophrenia and the reason for the importance of psychosocial interventions for person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder associated with cognitive, emotional, psychosocial and occupational disruption in patients (Frith 2014). The disease has a huge impact on the everyday life of patients and their work life and social life is serious affected by negative symptoms of the disease. Due to increase in unusual thoughts and concentration problem, work performance is affected and social relationship is also hampered (Saperstein and Medalia 2015). Hence, the main goal of all forms of treatment for schizophrenia patient is to help patients return back to normal functioning. Anti-psychotic medications are the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, however side effects of medication and adherence to medication is a major issue with this treatment choice (Haddad, Brain and Scott 2014). I would like to make all aware that challenges in management of schizophrenia patient are also seen due to presence of cognitive defects, remission rates and serious adverse effects in patients. Although psychological interventions are the main treatment option for such patients, however psychosocial intervention is increasingly gaining attention because of its ability for long term care and scope of providing support in social and daily life skills to schizophrenia patient (Chien et al. 2013). We will move further with the presentation to show different types of psychosocial intervention available to patients and their value for target patient group. Many recent evidences have proved that psychosocial interventions are often combined with usual medication to reduce psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patient and improve patients recovery process. The five main approaches to psychosocial intervention has been shown in this slide. Each of these approaches has different set of goals and treatment agenda for the recovery of patients with schizophrenia. I will give you a short review and benefits of each of the intervention which are as follows: Cognitive therapy is a structured therapy to support patients to cope with their psychotic problems and reevaluate their thoughts. There might be difference in duration and session of therapy, however it is found beneficial in improving psychotic symptoms in patients compared with other standard therapy (Jauhar et al. 2014). The main aim of psycho-education programs for schizophrenia patient is to engage in communication with patient to understand their burden of managing the disease and provide vital information to patients about the disease and coping skills to effectively manage the disease. Such programs has yielded many positive effect in patient such as increase in medication compliance, preventing relapse and better awareness about the illness (Sauvanaud et al. 2017). Family based intervention mainly aims to address distress in patient with schizophrenia and their family members and it emphasizes on skill acquisition component. This kind of psychosocial intervention is important to improve family dynamics associated during the course of illness (Chien et al. 2013). Social skills training support people with schizophrenia to achieve social competence in the area of symptom management, workplace social skills, interpersonal and communication skills (Chien et al. 2013). Assertive community treatment (ACT) specifically targets those schizophrenia patients who are difficult to manage. It is suitable for those patients who have history of relapse and social breakdown in inpatient services (Chien et al. 2013). Currently, psychosocial intervention is gaining preference because it is a patient centered approach to psychiatric care that looks at individual challenges faced by patient in their daily life and help to overcome and cope with those challenges. The benefit of psychosocial intervention for patient compared to other antipsychotic medication alone is understood from a research done by Guo et al., (2010) who compared the efficacy of two interventions on patients outcome. Patients were randomly assigned to antipsychotic medication treatment group or antipsychotic medication combined with psychosocial interventions (Skills training, psycho-education, cognitive therapy and family intervention) for 12 months. The main treatment outcomes that were measures included treatment adherence, quality of life, social functioning and remission rate. The analysis of date obtained from two groups of participants revealed that patients in the psychosocial and medication intervention group has lower rat e of adverse outcomes compared to medication groups. The symptoms that we have reviewed in the previous slides clearly indicate that emotional and psychosocial impairment contributes to functional impairment in patients. This becomes the major reason for high burden of the disease. Hence, for an intervention to be of value of schizophrenia patients, it must be able to promote functional recovery in patient. The significance of psychosocial intervention is that it promotes functional recovery in patients in many ways. Evidence by Kern et al. (2009) explained that different types of psychosocial intervention have different treatment targets however they promote functional recovery in patient. Recovery is defined by capability to address symptoms and normalization of social and work functioning for long period of time. Psychosocial intervention has been found to meet the definition of recovery and functional efficiency in schizophrenia patient (Kern et al. 2009). A meta-analysis of research related to efficacy of psychological therapy in schizophrenia has clearly defined benefits of each type of psychosocial intervention. Cognitive therapy is found beneficial in reducing positive symptoms. Family intervention minimizes relapse rate and social skills training increases social skills in people. All this is accompanied by social functioning and work functioning in patients too (Pfammatter, Junghan and Brenner 2006). The above slides gave an insight about the benefits of psychosocial intervention in terms of improvement in patient related outcome. However, effectiveness of intervention is also determined by it cost-effectiveness. The cost effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for schizophrenia patient can be determined by health care cost and health related quality of life in patient. Such analysis has revealed that medication combined with psychosocial intervention has higher Quality adjusted life year ratings. Cost effectiveness was determined by lower rate of treatment discontinuation and high rate of recovery. Combination of medication therapy with psychosocial intervention is a successful treatment option for schizophrenia (Zhang et al. 2014). Reference: Chien, W.T., Leung, S.F., Yeung, F.K. and Wong, W.K., 2013. Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,9, p.1463. Frith, C.D., 2014.The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Psychology press. Guo, X., Zhai, J., Liu, Z., Fang, M., Wang, B., Wang, C., Hu, B., Sun, X., Lv, L., Lu, Z. and Ma, C., 2010. Effect of antipsychotic medication alone vs combined with psychosocial intervention on outcomes of early-stage schizophrenia: a randomized, 1-year study.Archives of general psychiatry,67(9), pp.895-904. Haddad, P.M., Brain, C. and Scott, J., 2014. Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies.Patient Related Outcome Measures,5, p.43. Jauhar, S., McKenna, P.J., Radua, J., Fung, E., Salvador, R. and Laws, K.R., 2014. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis with examination of potential bias.The British Journal of Psychiatry,204(1), pp.20-29. Kern, R.S., Glynn, S.M., Horan, W.P. and Marder, S.R., 2009. Psychosocial treatments to promote functional recovery in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin,35(2), pp.347-361. Pfammatter, M., Junghan, U.M. and Brenner, H.D., 2006. Efficacy of psychological therapy in schizophrenia: conclusions from meta-analyses.Schizophrenia bulletin,32(suppl_1), pp.S64-S80. Saperstein, A.M. and Medalia, A., 2015. The role of motivation in cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia. InBehavioral neuroscience of motivation(pp. 533-546). Springer, Cham. Sauvanaud, F., Kebir, O., Vlasie, M., Doste, V., Amado, I. and Krebs, M.O., 2017. Therapeutic benefit of a registered psychoeducation program on treatment adherence, objective and subjective quality of life: French pilot study for schizophrenia.L'Encephale,43(3), pp.235-240. Zhang, Z., Zhai, J., Wei, Q., Qi, J., Guo, X. and Zhao, J., 2014. Cost-effectiveness analysis of psychosocial intervention for early stage schizophrenia in China: a randomized, one-year study.BMC psychiatry,14(1), p.212.