Foundations of Psychology - 771 Words

Foundations of Psychology Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. There is some tension between scientific psychology (with its program of empirical research) and applied psychology (dealing with a number of areas). Psychologists attempt to explain the mind and brain in the context of real life. In contrast neurologists utilize a physiological approach. Psychologists study such phenomena as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity including issues related to daily life—e.g. family, education, and work—and the treatment of†¦show more content†¦The school of thought known as structuralism was initiated by Edward Titchener, one of Wundt s students. This school of thought was called structuralism because of Titchener s interest in the structural make up of consciousness. It w as Ticthener s hope to devise a table of the levels, or elements of human consciousness using Wundt s introspection idea. Ticthener viewed psychology scientifically. He believed that the only way to understand psychology was through experimentation. This eventually led to the idea that sensation and feelings were unscientific because it could not be measured by anyone but the person experiencing it. The second school of thought that was popular in psychology s beginning was known as functionalism. This school of though focused on the role psychological processes have on helping people adapt to their surroundings. Functionalists believe that consciousness exists because it serves a function (Kowalski Westen, 2005). William James, one of the founders of functionalism, set out to explain why we think the way that we do. These two schools of thought branch out even further to offer assumptions or perspectives on these theories. Psychodynamic, behaviorist, cognitive, and evolutionary p erspectives help to expand psychological thinking and guide psychological studied. Psychodynamic and behaviorist perspectives will be covered since the last two are more recent perspectives. Sigmund Freud emphasis was on psychodynamics. HisShow MoreRelatedFoundation of Psychology773 Words   |  4 PagesFoundation of Psychology Psychology is the study of human behavior and mind. According to Psychology: The Study of Mental Processes and Behavior defined psychology as the scientific investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering, feeling, etc.) and behavior. Psychology alone has more than one basic foundation. Psychology can be as broad as biology and as detailed as philosophy, because it includes humans who are very complex in nature. Psychology involves more than how people act;Read MoreFoundations of Psychology747 Words   |  3 PagesFoundations of Psychology L R Juneaux 07/24/2013 PSY/300 Psychology is one of the core studies of the human being, which include investigating of behavior and mental processes. Many processes have to happen before one can even think a single thought. A specific stimulus through sensory organs, nerve interactions, and sorting through the brain are just a few processes that occur. Psychology is one of the most complex areas of study. In this paper, I will identify the major schools of thoughtRead MoreFoundations of Psychology Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY PAPER Foundations of Psychology Paper PSY/300 November 7, 2011 Betsy Ferronato Foundations of Psychology Paper * This paper will discuss the major schools of thought in psychology and examine their major underlying assumptions. The paper will also identify the primary biological foundations of psychology linked to behavior. According to our reading in psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior. Mental processesRead More Foundations of Psychology Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesWhen psychology first emerged as a science, the process of explaining the human mind and human behavior began. In this essay we will present a brief synopsis of what psychology is and introduce the reader to the primary biological foundations of psychology that are linked to behavior as well as introducing the reader to the major schools of thought in psychology. In Kowalski and Westen Fifth Edition of Psychology, psychology is define as â€Å"the scientific investigation of mental processes such as;Read MoreFoundations of Psychology Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Psychology According to science philosopher Thomas Kuhn, the ongoing development of scientific paradigms is responsible for scientific progress. A scientific paradigm has three basic characteristics: a series of assertions that provide a model of the object of study, a group of common metaphors that assist with comprehension of the object of study, and a methodology that is accepted by the scientific community to provide legitimate and valuable data when carried out correctly. WithinRead MoreThe Conceptual Foundations Of Psychology2268 Words   |  10 PagesAll sciences originally descended from philosophy and over the centuries the special sciences gradually became independent of this discipline, with Psychology being one of the last of the special sciences to separate from the parent during the 19th century (Banyard, Davies, Normal Winder, 2010). The questions and ideas in Psychology have been of interest since the time of the ancient Greeks, where philosophers inquired into how human being s know the world. Plato asked questions about human motivationRead MoreA Foundation For Studying Emotional Psychology972 Words   |  4 Pagesto signal different emotions are universally comprehended. Therefore, do all human beings signal certain emotions with the same, universal, facial expression? The studies conducted regarding the universality thesis were used as a foundation for studying emotional psychology. Making it extremely relevant to question such influential research, which appears to lack consistent and convincing results. There are three main issues regarding the universality thesis. The first of which is that, methodologicalRead MoreIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1495 Words   |  6 PagesApproaches to Psychology and Christianity, An Introduction to Worldview Issues, Philosophical Foundations and Models of Integration† is a book written by David N. Entwistle that offers insight and awareness to the relationship between psychology and theology. Psychology and theology share a common interest in the nature and purpose of human beings. This book introduces worldview issues and a philosophical source that provides a framework of the relationship between the science of psychology and ChristianityRead MorePsychologys Influence on Nursing Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesAs defined by Mason and Whitehead, psychology is a branch of biological science which focuses on the study of conscious life in its origin (66). Mason and Whitehead go on to argue that conscious life refers to th e experiences of the individual and origins refer to the particular group or issue being reviewed: e.g., child, adult, abnormal or animal (66-7). A basic examination of the definition of psychology demonstrates that the practice is one that requires understanding of the human experience andRead MoreThe Benefits Of Breastfeeding For Mothers875 Words   |  4 Pagescaregivers (Health Psychology). For those mothers whom are able and willing to breastfeed their infants there is a definite benefit. Breastfeeding is shown to benefit the mother and child through its natural ability to aide in the mother’s inner peace, its health giving properties, its superior nutrient content compared to formula, and accessibility. Though breastfeeding is undoubtedly the optimum feeding method, it is not necessarily a possibility for some mothers (The Nemours Foundation). For example

The Role Of Extrinsic And Extrinsic Factors Contributing...

21 Eny, G. Etal (2008), performed an exploratory study to investigate the role of extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing job satisfaction of urban secondary school teachers in Namibia. Sample approached by the researcher was 337 secondary school teachers selected randomly from 17 govt schools in Namibia. The demographic factors dealt with were age, gender, resources in the school, teaching experience, rank, qualification and marital status. Further, researcher also conclusive highlighted by the researcher were- (i) With respect to burnout factors like emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, low levels of job satisfaction were reported. So it was recommended to look after the mental health of the teachers. (ii) With the intrinsic factors related to the job, working conditions and rank, level of dissatisfaction was quite significant. 22 Fredy, Wilson N.S. (200g) evaluated various factors associated with job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Tanzania Researcher concluded that- (i) With respect to social benefits or social acceptance, support from administration and meaningfulness of job, job satisfactions was derived by teachers. (ii) As regards characteristics of job, least satisfaction was expressed by teachers. (iii) With respect to demographic factors like gender, age, location of school and type of school, significant difference was found in job satisfaction. (iv) In case of the factors like marital status, teaching experience, teachers type andShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting the Career Choice of Senior High School Students9169 Words   |  37 PagesFACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICE OF STUDENTS IN MABAMA DAMIAN II A. ABAYON THESIS OUTLINE SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES AGRI – BUSINESS AND MARINE AND AQUATIC SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, MATTI, DIGOS CITY, IN THE FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION (Educational Administration) OCTOBER 2012 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICE OF STUDENTS IN MABAMA† prepared and submitted by DAMIAN II A. ABAYON inRead MoreDissertation Proposal on Managing Diversity of Workforce18916 Words   |  76 PagesEsthetics 10. Prestige 11. Independence 12. Variety 13. Economic return 14. Altruism; and 15. Intellectual stimulation (Super, 1970). According to Murphy, Conoley, Impara (1994) the Work Values Inventory is â€Å"designed to measure the values which are extrinsic to as well as those which are intrinsic in work† (p. 998). The survey is developed using a 5-point Likert style and is ranked by the participants as follows: 5 = Very Important 4 = Important 3 = Moderately Important 2 = Of Little Importance 1 = UnimportantRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesAutomation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. 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Intervention Early Schizophrenia In China -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Intervention Early Schizophrenia In China? Answer: Introducation With this presentation, I aim to make the audience aware about the issues faced by people with schizophrenia and the reason for the importance of psychosocial interventions for person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder associated with cognitive, emotional, psychosocial and occupational disruption in patients (Frith 2014). The disease has a huge impact on the everyday life of patients and their work life and social life is serious affected by negative symptoms of the disease. Due to increase in unusual thoughts and concentration problem, work performance is affected and social relationship is also hampered (Saperstein and Medalia 2015). Hence, the main goal of all forms of treatment for schizophrenia patient is to help patients return back to normal functioning. Anti-psychotic medications are the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, however side effects of medication and adherence to medication is a major issue with this treatment choice (Haddad, Brain and Scott 2014). I would like to make all aware that challenges in management of schizophrenia patient are also seen due to presence of cognitive defects, remission rates and serious adverse effects in patients. Although psychological interventions are the main treatment option for such patients, however psychosocial intervention is increasingly gaining attention because of its ability for long term care and scope of providing support in social and daily life skills to schizophrenia patient (Chien et al. 2013). We will move further with the presentation to show different types of psychosocial intervention available to patients and their value for target patient group. Many recent evidences have proved that psychosocial interventions are often combined with usual medication to reduce psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patient and improve patients recovery process. The five main approaches to psychosocial intervention has been shown in this slide. Each of these approaches has different set of goals and treatment agenda for the recovery of patients with schizophrenia. I will give you a short review and benefits of each of the intervention which are as follows: Cognitive therapy is a structured therapy to support patients to cope with their psychotic problems and reevaluate their thoughts. There might be difference in duration and session of therapy, however it is found beneficial in improving psychotic symptoms in patients compared with other standard therapy (Jauhar et al. 2014). The main aim of psycho-education programs for schizophrenia patient is to engage in communication with patient to understand their burden of managing the disease and provide vital information to patients about the disease and coping skills to effectively manage the disease. Such programs has yielded many positive effect in patient such as increase in medication compliance, preventing relapse and better awareness about the illness (Sauvanaud et al. 2017). Family based intervention mainly aims to address distress in patient with schizophrenia and their family members and it emphasizes on skill acquisition component. This kind of psychosocial intervention is important to improve family dynamics associated during the course of illness (Chien et al. 2013). Social skills training support people with schizophrenia to achieve social competence in the area of symptom management, workplace social skills, interpersonal and communication skills (Chien et al. 2013). Assertive community treatment (ACT) specifically targets those schizophrenia patients who are difficult to manage. It is suitable for those patients who have history of relapse and social breakdown in inpatient services (Chien et al. 2013). Currently, psychosocial intervention is gaining preference because it is a patient centered approach to psychiatric care that looks at individual challenges faced by patient in their daily life and help to overcome and cope with those challenges. The benefit of psychosocial intervention for patient compared to other antipsychotic medication alone is understood from a research done by Guo et al., (2010) who compared the efficacy of two interventions on patients outcome. Patients were randomly assigned to antipsychotic medication treatment group or antipsychotic medication combined with psychosocial interventions (Skills training, psycho-education, cognitive therapy and family intervention) for 12 months. The main treatment outcomes that were measures included treatment adherence, quality of life, social functioning and remission rate. The analysis of date obtained from two groups of participants revealed that patients in the psychosocial and medication intervention group has lower rat e of adverse outcomes compared to medication groups. The symptoms that we have reviewed in the previous slides clearly indicate that emotional and psychosocial impairment contributes to functional impairment in patients. This becomes the major reason for high burden of the disease. Hence, for an intervention to be of value of schizophrenia patients, it must be able to promote functional recovery in patient. The significance of psychosocial intervention is that it promotes functional recovery in patients in many ways. Evidence by Kern et al. (2009) explained that different types of psychosocial intervention have different treatment targets however they promote functional recovery in patient. Recovery is defined by capability to address symptoms and normalization of social and work functioning for long period of time. Psychosocial intervention has been found to meet the definition of recovery and functional efficiency in schizophrenia patient (Kern et al. 2009). A meta-analysis of research related to efficacy of psychological therapy in schizophrenia has clearly defined benefits of each type of psychosocial intervention. Cognitive therapy is found beneficial in reducing positive symptoms. Family intervention minimizes relapse rate and social skills training increases social skills in people. All this is accompanied by social functioning and work functioning in patients too (Pfammatter, Junghan and Brenner 2006). The above slides gave an insight about the benefits of psychosocial intervention in terms of improvement in patient related outcome. However, effectiveness of intervention is also determined by it cost-effectiveness. The cost effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for schizophrenia patient can be determined by health care cost and health related quality of life in patient. Such analysis has revealed that medication combined with psychosocial intervention has higher Quality adjusted life year ratings. Cost effectiveness was determined by lower rate of treatment discontinuation and high rate of recovery. Combination of medication therapy with psychosocial intervention is a successful treatment option for schizophrenia (Zhang et al. 2014). Reference: Chien, W.T., Leung, S.F., Yeung, F.K. and Wong, W.K., 2013. Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,9, p.1463. Frith, C.D., 2014.The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Psychology press. Guo, X., Zhai, J., Liu, Z., Fang, M., Wang, B., Wang, C., Hu, B., Sun, X., Lv, L., Lu, Z. and Ma, C., 2010. Effect of antipsychotic medication alone vs combined with psychosocial intervention on outcomes of early-stage schizophrenia: a randomized, 1-year study.Archives of general psychiatry,67(9), pp.895-904. Haddad, P.M., Brain, C. and Scott, J., 2014. Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies.Patient Related Outcome Measures,5, p.43. Jauhar, S., McKenna, P.J., Radua, J., Fung, E., Salvador, R. and Laws, K.R., 2014. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis with examination of potential bias.The British Journal of Psychiatry,204(1), pp.20-29. Kern, R.S., Glynn, S.M., Horan, W.P. and Marder, S.R., 2009. Psychosocial treatments to promote functional recovery in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin,35(2), pp.347-361. Pfammatter, M., Junghan, U.M. and Brenner, H.D., 2006. Efficacy of psychological therapy in schizophrenia: conclusions from meta-analyses.Schizophrenia bulletin,32(suppl_1), pp.S64-S80. Saperstein, A.M. and Medalia, A., 2015. The role of motivation in cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia. InBehavioral neuroscience of motivation(pp. 533-546). Springer, Cham. Sauvanaud, F., Kebir, O., Vlasie, M., Doste, V., Amado, I. and Krebs, M.O., 2017. Therapeutic benefit of a registered psychoeducation program on treatment adherence, objective and subjective quality of life: French pilot study for schizophrenia.L'Encephale,43(3), pp.235-240. Zhang, Z., Zhai, J., Wei, Q., Qi, J., Guo, X. and Zhao, J., 2014. Cost-effectiveness analysis of psychosocial intervention for early stage schizophrenia in China: a randomized, one-year study.BMC psychiatry,14(1), p.212.

JP Getty Musuem Essays - Guggenheim Fellows, William Eggleston

JP Getty Musuem The museum that I visited was the J. P. Getty. This museum as a whole is incredible. However, the photography exhibit did catch my eye. The first time that I went to the Getty, the Andy Warhol exhibit was up and I had a great dislike for his work. On the other hand, the exhibit by William Eggleston was awesome. His work on color photography was fantastic. One particular picture group in-titled, "Memphis" was extremely well done. There was a picture of a grill that was on fire, and words cannot describe the picture. The colors that were exhibited from this picture made my eyes fall in love with the work. I gazed at the grill and its flames for the longest time, until my date grabbed me and pointed me to some other works. One thing that intrigued me with this photo is the content and idea. The picture was just a grill the point of view was as if you were standing in front of the grill, the only thing that he did was to find that perfect second to snap the picture. To some people this i s just a grill, to others it is a symbolic meaning of life's ambitions, and it has endless amount of meanings. That is what makes this picture so great, the abyss of thoughts on this one picture leads to a conversation on this one piece and that is what I believe art is all about, if you look at something and there is such significance which leads to a discussion then its purpose was met, and if people just look at something and move on then the picture or piece of art was meaningful only to the artist. Again the second piece that caught my eye is that of Eggleston's Grreenwood, Mississippi. This picture may just be a dye transfer print, of a light and the ceiling, but this picture to me just draws my attention. This picture taken from the ground most likely with an up point of view towards the light, has also three white cords bringing the focus in the center of the picture were the light is located. To me the meaning of this picture is the symbolic meaning of ideas, and I would pu t it up in my office when I grow to keep me thinking of new ideas and to never settle on one thought, but to look at as many angles as possible. Also this picture makes me want to turn the light on by pulling the cord and watch to light glow. Another photographer that I looked at was work done by John Divola. His Zuma series was really, strange. He took the same picture but at different times of the day and each one told a different story. This inspired me and I made an attempt to do this on my final. These pictures of I believe Zuma beach, were very intriguing. I am not to sure about his ideas, but I feel that he is trying to make the viewer part of this picture, and he made me feel as though I was in this room looking out over the ocean and the ruins of this room. It was printed very large almost an 11 by 14, or maybe larger. This allowed I think for the viewer to be a part of this picture. These pictures at the Getty, were fantastic, there were a lot of pictures that I liked and some that I disliked, however the show was great. Eggleston's work on color was awesome and words like I said cannot describe his work, I was in ahh for most of the day and could only hope to print this wonderful.